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Afghanistan

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The War on Children: Time to end grave violations against children in conflict

Kirollos, Mariam; Anning, Caroline; Fylkes Knag, Gunvor; Denselow, James, Save the Children International, 2018

This report identifies concerning trends for the safety and wellbeing of children living in areas impacted by conflict, through analysis of the United Nations Annual Reports of the Secretary General on Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC) and new research by the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). The research utilizes figures that are published, independently verified and credible, but one of the key findings of the data mapping process is that there is a significant and worrying gap in child-specific data in conflicts.

Although all warring parties are obliged to protect children, in conflicts around the world heinous attacks are committed against children on a daily basis, for which the perpetrators are not being held to  account. What is more, many of these violations are increasing, driven bybrutal conflicts like the war in Syria. There is an urgent need for action to end what is too often a war on children.

https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/13150/pdf/war_on_children-web.pdf

armed conflict children human rights Afghanistan Democratic Republic of Congo Global Myanmar Somalia South Sudan Syria

Stop the War on Children

Save the Children, in collaboration with researchers from the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO), 2019

The protection of children in conflict – and with it the realisation of the promises made in the declarations, conventions and statutes of the 20th century – is one of the defining challenges of the 21st century. The nature of conflict – and its impact on children – is evolving.
In today’s armed conflicts, there is often no longer a clearly demarcated battlefield: children’s homes and schools are the battlefield.
Increasingly, the brunt of armed violence and warfare is being borne by children. Children suffer in conflict in different ways to adults, partly because they are physically weaker and also because they have so much at stake – their physical, mental and psychosocial development are heavily dependent on the conditions they experience as children. Conflict affects children differently depending on a number of personal characteristics – significantly gender and age, but also disability status, ethnicity, religion and whether they live in rural or urban locations. The harm that is done to children in armed conflict is not only often more severe than that done to adults, it has longer lasting implications – for children themselves and for their societies

https://www.savethechildren.org/content/dam/usa/reports/ed-cp/stop-the-war-on-children-2019.pdf

armed conflict child soldiers children grave violations against children human rights impunity internally displaced persons mental health sexual violence Afghanistan Central African Republic Democratic Republic of Congo Global Iraq Mali Nigeria Somalia South Sudan Syria Yemen

Building Back Better: Sustainable Mental Health Care after Emergencies

World Health Organization (WHO), 2013

This WHO report shares detailed accounts from 10 diverse emergency-affected areas, each of which built better-quality and more sustainable mental health systems despite challenging circumstances. Cases originate from countries small to large; low to middle-income; across Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East; and affected by large-scale natural disasters, prolonged conflict, and large-scale influxes of refugees. While their contexts varied considerably, all were able to convert short-term interest in population mental health into sustainable, long-term improvements.
This WHO report goes beyond aspirational recommendations by providing detailed descriptions of how mental health reform was accomplished in these situations. Importantly, case contributors report not only their major achievements, but also their most difficult challenges and how they were overcome. Key overlapping practices emerging from these experiences are also summarized.

This report provides the proof of concept that it is possible to build back better, no matter how weak the existing mental health system or how challenging the emergency situation. I call upon all readers to take steps to ensure that those faced with future emergencies do not miss the important opportunity for mental health reform and development.

– Dr Margaret Chan, former Director-General WHO

Executive summary available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish here.

https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/85377/9789241564571_eng.pdf?sequence=1

emergencies human rights mental health mental health systems sustabilable care Afghanistan Burundi Global Indonesia Iraq Jordan Kosovo Somalia Sri Lanka Timor-Leste West Bank and Gaza Strip

Stop the war on children 2020: Gender matters

Save the children International, 2020

The third report of Save the Children’s Stop the War on Children campaign reveals shocking trends in the threats to the safety and wellbeing of children living in areas impacted by conflict. While fewer children are living in conflict-affected areas, those who do face the greatest risk of falling victim to serious violence since systematic records began. This report delves into the differences between boys’ and girls’ experiences through a gendered analysis of the six grave violations of children in conflict.

https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/16784/pdf/ch1413553.pdf

armed conflict child soldiers children refugee sexual violence Afghanistan Colombia Democratic Republic of Congo Global Iraq Mali Syria

Conflict related sexual violence: Report of the United Nations Secretary-General

United Nations, 2019

“Conflict-related sexual violence is now widely recognized as a war crime that is preventable and punishable. The United Nations Security Council has played an important role in the past decade
by passing successive resolutions that emphasize accountability for perpetrators and services for survivors.”
– United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres

https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/report/s-2019-280/Annual-report-2018.pdf

action plans armed conflict gender based violence human rights impunity reparations sexual violence Afghanistan Bosnia and Herzegovina Burundi Central African Republic Colombia Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Iraq Libya Mali Myanmar Nepal Nigeria Somalia South Sudan Sri Lanka Sudan (Darfur) Syrian Arab Republic Yemen

Sexual Violence Against Refugee Women on the Move to and Within Europe

WHO European Region, 2017

The objective of this overview is to present the issue of sexual violence (SV) against refugee women and girls and to discuss countermeasures that have been suggested or initiated by the Member States of the WHO European Region and national nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) between January (2015) and May 2016. A literature review was undertaken using Google scholar, the WHO publication database and a cross-search of journal databases.

http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/319311/9-Sexual-violence-refugee-women.pdf?ua=1

Rape Violence Against Women gender based violence refugees violence women Afghanistan Europe Iraq Syria

Mental health consequences of war: a brief review of research findings

Srinivasa Murthy and Lakshminarayana

In humanitarian emergencies and conflict situations psychological damage has traditionally not been addressed, its extent and impact have not been well studied. It is only through a greater focus of mental health problems as a result of war and conflict, can coherent and effective strategies for dealing with such problems be developed.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1472271/

coping strategies disaster mental health psychiatric illness refugee health war Afghanistan Bosnia Cambodia Chechnya Iraq Israel Lebanon Palestine Rwanda Somalia Sri Lanka Uganda Vietnam

Torture in the Americas: The law and practice

Redress and CNDDHH

This report builds on the presentations and discussions of the Americas Regional Experts Meeting on the Law and Practice on Torture, as well as information shared by experts on the basis of their expertise and experience in litigation and advocacy on torture related issues. The participants completed a questionnaire regarding the law and practice of torture in their jurisdiction and made presentations at the meeting covering national practice as well as thematic issues. The meeting provided an opportunity to exchange information and experiences on litigating torture cases and advocating legal and institutional reforms.

https://redress.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/130626-torture-in-the-americas.pdf

LGBT+ international law marginalised groups organised violence political prisoners redress torture Afghanistan Americas Canada Iraq USA

The Role of Women in Stabilization and Reconstruction

United States Institute of Peace

This report summarizes the challenges in supporting women in the process of transitional justice, also focusing on the important role women play here. There are also suggestions how to implement solutions (24 pages, .pdf, for historical reference).

http://www.usip.org/files/resources/srs_three.pdf

armed conflict gender based violence reconciliation reconstruction transitional justice Afghanistan Rwanda Sierra Leone Sri Lanka Timor USA

Understanding and coping with traumatic stress, Part Three: Cultural issues

Headington Institute

Traumatic stress is not just a problem for western humanitarian workers who relocate (usually temporarily) to developing countries and disaster zones for the sake of their job. In fact, the majority of humanitarian workers worldwide are from non-western cultural backgrounds, working in their home country (from page 12).

https://www.acesdv.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/understanding-and-coping-with-traumatic-stress_updated-nov-2014_63458.pdf

burnout humanitarian work resilience stress trauma Afghanistan Democratic Republic of Congo Iraq

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Mental Health and Human Rights Info is a resource database providing free information about the consequences of human rights violations on mental health in the contexts of disaster, war and conflict.

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