The 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda is working towards a world that reflects equity with universal respect for human dignity, pledging to leave no one behind. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI) individuals face high rates of physical and mental health issues and reduced access to medical and social services. In order to combat the dramatic health disparities faced by LGBTQI populations, we must first understand the key concepts surrounding the intersection of health with gender and sexual diversity. The attached FAQ on sexual diversity and health defines terms, highlights key issues and underscores the UN’s commitment to gender identity and sexual diversity.